Seasonal Random Walks with Drift: Properties of Least Squares Estimators

The Bank
- - About Banco de Portugal
  - Foreign exchange authority
    - Banco de Portugal's functions
    - Global code
- - Organisation
- - International activity
  - See more
    - Legislation and rules
    - Deliberations
- - National Council of Financial Supervisors
    - What is CNSF
  - Public consultations
    - Banco de Portugal
    - Other institutions
  - Recruitment
    - See job opportunities
  - Fintech +
    - What is it and how does it work?
Media
- - Press Releases
- - Public speeches
- - Calendar
    - All
    - Events
    - Indicators
    - Publications
- - Contacts
    - See media contacts
Publications and research
- - Publications
    - Banco de Portugal
    - Banco de Portugal’s Pension Funds
- - Research
- - Economics in a picture
    - See all
  - Monographs and series
    - See publications
    - Order publications
Statistics
- - Introduction
    - Banco de Portugal Statistics
    - Statistical events
  - Statistical quality
- - SDDS Plus
    - What is SDDS Plus
    - National Summary Data Page
  - Data on non-financial corporations
- - Browse data
Supervision
- - Single Supervisory Mechanism
    - How does it work?
    - Press releases
  - Prudential rules
    - See rules
  - Macroprudential
    - Macroprudential policy
    - Macroprudential measures
  - Brexit
    - Information on Brexit for the financial sector
    - Frequently Asked Questions
- - Microprudential
- - Money laundering and terrorist financing
  - Illicit financial activity
- - Banking conduct supervision
  - See more
    - Institutions and decisions
    - Supervisory disclosure
Monetary policy
- - Definition and strategy
    - What is it and how does it work?
    - Press releases on decisions
  - Information systems
    - of Banco de Portugal
    - Eurosystem Collateral Management System
- - Interest rates
    - Official and reference interest rates
  - Implementation
- - Non-standard measures
    - Eurosystem's asset purchase programmes
    - Targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTRO)
Payment systems
- - Introduction
    - Banco de Portugal's functions
  - Payment services under the PSD2
- - Payment instruments
    - About
    - Cards
    - Cheques
    - Direct debits
    - Credit transfers
    - Instant transfers
    - IBAN
  - Virtual currencies
    - How does it work?
- - Market Infrastructure
- - Cooperation with the market
  - See more
Banknotes and coins
- - Banknotes
  - Banknote production
    - Valora, S.A.
- - Current coins
- - Commemorative and collector coins
    - Commemorative coins
    - Collector coins
  - Training
    - Face-to-face and e-learning
  - Anti-counterfeiting
  - For professionals